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Social Innovation Country Report:
Zambia
In Zambia, social innovation is broadly recognized but lacks an official definition.
Legal and Policy Frameworks

Zambia has adopted the following legal frameworks, strategies, and vision documents related to social innovation:

  • Social Entrepreneurship
  • Social Innovation
  • Social Businesses
  • Social [and Solidarity] Economy
  • Welfare sector
  • Community based
  • led organizations
Current stage of implementation:
Stage4: Welfare sector
Stage5: Welfare sector
Stage6: Community based/led organizations
Stage7: Social Entrepreneurship / Innovation / Businesses / [and Solidarity] Economy

with

  • Stage1: “No Policy or Recognition: No formal recognition, discussion, or policy exists. The sector operates informally or without government involvement.”;
  • Stage2: “Initial Discussions & Awareness: The government acknowledges the sector and has started discussions or consultations, but no formal policy framework or regulation exists.”;
  • Stage3: “Draft Policy or Framework in Development: A draft policy, strategy, or regulatory framework is currently being developed. The government may be conducting research, stakeholder consultations, or legislative drafting.”;
  • Stage4: “Pilot Programs or Limited Implementation: Some initiatives, pilot projects, or partial government-backed programs exist, but full implementation has not yet been achieved. Policies may be tested in select regions or for specific groups.”;
  • Stage5: “Policy Adopted but Not Fully Implemented: A formal law, policy, or regulation has been passed, but it has not been fully implemented, enforced, or funded. Gaps in execution may still exist.”
  • Stage6: “Policy in Effect & Actively Implemented: The policy is fully enacted and actively being implemented. There is clear government support, funding, and enforcement mechanisms in place.”;
  • Stage7: “Policy Reviewed & Strengthened: The existing policy has been evaluated and improved over time based on feedback, data, or evolving needs. New funding, incentives, or structural reforms may have been introduced.”; and
  • Stage8: “Leading in Policy Innovation: The country is recognized as a leader in this policy area, with best practices, strong regulatory frameworks, and incentives that actively promote and support the sector.”

More details:

The Revised National Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Policy (2023) supports the growth of MSMEs, which can include social enterprises. This policy outlines measures to enhance entrepreneurship and innovation, particularly for small businesses that contribute to social and economic development.

  1. The National Social Protection Policy (2025) emphasizes a lifecycle approach to social protection, addressing income inequalities and improving access to basic services. It includes programs like the Social Cash Transfer and Food Security Pack, which aim to empower vulnerable populations.
  2. National Strategy on Extension of Coverage to the Informal Economy. The Strategy provides measures meant to address various contingencies and risks faced by workers in the informal economy, and these include old age, employment injury and disease, social health insurance, invalidity, survivorship, paternity and maternity protection.

The Non-Governmental Organisations Act (2009) governs the registration and operation of NGOs in Zambia. It establishes the Non-Governmental Organisations Registration Board and provides a framework for transparency and accountability in the charity sector.

Ecosystem Actors
Key Actors in the Ecosystem

The leading actors driving social innovation in Zambia include government ministries, social enterprises, NGOs, philanthropic institutions, academia, and other ecosystem builders. The top three most influential actors are:

  • Government entity (ministries/agencies)
  • Social entreprises & social innovateurs (Impact hubs)
  • NGOs

Examples:

  1. Government entity (ministries/agencies) Ministry of Labour and Social Security Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Youth and Sport Ministry of Community Development and Social Services Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises Development Ministry of Technology and Science Agencies National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA) National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA) Workers’ Compensation Fund Control Board (WCFCB) Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) Patents and Companies Registration Agency (PACRA)
  2. Social enterprises & social innovators (Impact hubs) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Innovation for Poverty Action (IPA)
  3. Academic and research centers University of Zambia University of Lusaka Copperbelt University Mulungushi University Zambia Center for Accountancy Studies (ZCAS) Research Centers National Institute for Scientific and Industrial research (NISIR) Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research (ZIPAR) Zambia Research and Development Centre (ZRDC)
Education and Capacity Building

Formal and informal education programs that support social innovation exist in the following forms in Zambia:

  • University-level courses or degrees:“ Social innovation, social entrepreneurship, or impact-driven business programs are offered as courses, degrees, or research tracks in universities or technical institutions
  • Government-supported training programs:“ The government has launched or funded capacity-building programs, incubators, or skill-development initiatives to support social innovation
  • Private sector or NGO-led programs:“ Non-governmental organizations, incubators, or private sector actors actively run training, mentorship, or acceleration programs for social innovation.

Examples:

  • Universities offer Business Administration courses both at diploma, undergraduate and post graduate levels
    1. The Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise Development provides capacity-building resources for MSME associations. These efforts aim to enhance production, employment, and income generation, contributing to Zambia’s economic development.
    2. Programs are also available through Constituency Development Funds (CDF)
  • Organizations like the Zambia Council for Social Development (ZCSD) offer training and workshops to strengthen civil society organizations (CSOs) in areas such as governance, financial management, and advocacy. ZCSD also supports digital capacity building and resource mobilization for CSOs.
Coordinating Bodies

A centralized body responsible for coordinating social innovation efforts across sectors exists in Zambia.

Ecosystem Communication
The level of communication and coordination among key actors in Zambia’s social innovation ecosystem is currently Moderate:“ some collaboration, but existing gaps in coordination.
Support Mechanisms for Policy and Finance
Policy Incentives and Support Mechanisms

To support social innovation, Zambia has implemented the following incentives and mechanisms:

  • Tax benefits for social enterprises and impact-driven businesses,B
  • Fiscal advantages for impact investors,C
  • Incentives for corporates to fund charities/ESG initiatives,E
  • Incentives for individuals to fund social innovation or social businesses,I
  • Government-backed funding programs (e.g., grants, subsidies, social impact funds),J
  • Low-cost or preferential financing options (e.g., social bonds, impact investing incentives),L
  • Social security measures for social businesses,M
  • Carbon taxes,N
  • Environmental levies

Further information:

The government provides financial and technical support to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) and the Ministry of Commerce, Trade, and Industry. Incentives include tax benefits, access to finance, and capacity-building programs. https://www.msme.gov.zm/
The NTBC, under the Ministry of Technology and Science, provides resources and support for innovators and entrepreneurs. It collaborates with the UNDP Accelerator Labs to scale locally-driven solutions to development challenges. The UNDP Accelerator Labs initiative has invested nearly USD 1 million over three years to support innovation projects.
Zambia’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy, reviewed by UNCTAD, focuses on building national capacities for innovation and sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of science and technology in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).


The NTBC, under the Ministry of Technology and Science, provides resources and support for innovators and entrepreneurs. It collaborates with the UNDP Accelerator Labs to scale locally-driven solutions to development challenges. The UNDP Accelerator Labs initiative has invested nearly USD 1 million over three years to support innovation projects.

Zambia’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy, reviewed by UNCTAD, focuses on building national capacities for innovation and sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of science and technology in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Constituency Development Funds (CDF)In Zambia, the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) is a government initiative that allocates funds to constituencies for community-driven development projects, with a focus on areas like education, health, and water infrastructure.

National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA). Workers’ Compensation Fund Control Board (WCFCB). National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA)
Road Transport and Safety Agency (RTSA)
Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA)

Financing Mechanisms

Social innovation in Zambia is financed through a variety of mechanisms including:

  • International funding (e.g., EU/bilateral/multilateral funds)
  • Crowdfunding and community financing
Impact
Flagship Programs and Achievements

Notable achievements and flagship programs in social innovation in Zambia include:

  1. ZICTA ICT Innovation Program Led by the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA), this program supports ICT innovators, startups, and entrepreneurs. It provides expert-led training workshops, personalized mentorship, and access to funding opportunities. The program focuses on scalable ICT solutions that address socio-economic challenges in Zambia.
  2. Social Cash Transfer (SCT) Program This initiative provides direct cash transfers to vulnerable households, aiming to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods. It has expanded significantly over the years, with substantial funding allocated annually.
  3. UNDP Accelerator Labs The UNDP’s Accelerator Labs in Zambia collaborate with local innovators to design and scale solutions for development challenges. These labs focus on areas like health, education, and agriculture.
  4. Civil Society Contributions International and local civil society organizations, such as World Vision and UNICEF, have implemented impactful programs in Zambia. These initiatives address issues like access to clean water, education, and healthcare.
  5. Civic Innovations at the University of Zambia The University of Zambia has integrated civic innovations into its governance strategies, as outlined in its strategic plan. These efforts include sensitization programs and stakeholder involvement.
International Collaborations

Zambia is involved in international collaborations on social innovation through the following initiatives:

  1. UNDP Accelerator Labs The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) collaborates with local innovators and international partners to design and scale solutions addressing development challenges. These labs focus on areas like health, education, and agriculture.
  2. Innovation Week Zambia This annual event brings together policymakers, industry leaders, accelerators, and innovation hubs from Zambia and beyond. It fosters knowledge exchange and collaboration on topics such as climate change, fintech, and agriculture.
  3. International Civil Society Organizations Zambia works with organizations like UNICEF, World Vision, and WaterAid to implement impactful programs in areas such as education, healthcare, and access to clean water.
Tech for Good Innovations
  1. ZICTA ICT Innovation Programme. This flagship initiative by the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) supports ICT innovators, startups, and entrepreneurs. It focuses on scalable solutions addressing socio-economic challenges, such as digital health and financial inclusion. Participants benefit from expert-led training workshops, personalized mentorship, and access to funding opportunities.
  2. National Payment Systems. Zambia’s payment systems, overseen by the Bank of Zambia, include initiatives like the National Financial Switch, which facilitates interoperability of payment streams domestically and across borders. These systems aim to increase financial inclusion and promote the use of electronic payment mechanisms.
  3. Digital Public Infrastructure. Zambia is leveraging open standards to innovate and digitize programs for improved governance and public service delivery. The Zambia Digital Week showcases advancements in fintech, financial inclusion, and digital transformation.
Impact Measurement Frameworks

Zambia has a formal framework or methodology for measuring social innovation impact.

Further details:

  1. Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) Handbook • Published by the Business Regulatory Review Agency (BRRA), this handbook provides guidelines for conducting Regulatory Impact Assessments in Zambia. It outlines principles, phases, and steps for assessing the impact of regulations on businesses and society.
  2. Integrated National Financing Framework (INFF) • Zambia’s INFF aligns national development priorities with sustainable financing strategies. It includes mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the impact of financing on development goals.
  3. Measuring Impact Framework (MIF) • While not specific to Zambia, the Measuring Impact Framework developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) can be adapted for use in Zambia. It provides a methodology for assessing contributions to economic and broader development goals.
Economic Contribution of Social Innovation
Reports on Social Impact
  1. Social Economic Reports by the Zambia Statistics Agency: o These reports provide insights into socio-economic indicators, including the impact of various programs and initiatives in Zambia. They cover areas like health, education, and poverty alleviation. o You can explore these reports here.
  2. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship - Social Innovation in Action: o This report highlights global social innovation efforts, including case studies and methodologies that could be relevant to Zambia. It provides insights into the impact of social entrepreneurship and innovation. o Access the report here.
  3. SAB Foundation Social Innovation Impact Report: o While not specific to Zambia, this report outlines the impact of social innovation programs in the region, including methodologies for measuring social impact. o You can find the report here.
Policy Momentum

Momentum for social innovation as a public policy issue in Zambia is currently rated as:
Significant Momentum: Social innovation is actively supported through policies, funding, or initiatives, with clear government engagement and implementation.

Barriers to Growth

The following barriers are currently hindering the growth of social innovation in Zambia:

  • Lack of awareness and understanding of social innovation
Collaborative Ideas

Proposals from Zambia for potential collaborative initiatives with other GCSI members include:

  • Knowledge-Sharing Platforms: Establish virtual hubs for learning and collaboration, hosting case studies, tools, and research to support social innovation efforts internationally.
  • Regional Social Enterprise Network: Collaborate to establish a network for social enterprises across Sub-Saharan Africa, sharing best practices, market insights, and resources to scale their impact.
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